Lesson 3
Vocabulary
explosive
(n.) ���Դ
Any
explosive must be handled carefully.
���Դ��ͧ�Ѵ��ô��¤������Ѵ���ѧ
classify
(v.) �Ѵ������
Do
you know that Broccoli is classified as a vegetable?
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detonate
(v.) ������Դ������Դ
He
plans to detonate the explosive before the sun rises.
���ҧἹ�Шش���Դ��͹�ǧ�ҷԵ����
instantaneous
(adj.) �Ǵ���� �ѹ�շѹ�
The
operator�s response to the ringing phone is very fast. It is almost instantaneous.
��ԡ����ҵͺʹͧ�ͧ���˹�ҷ���Ѻ���Ѿ�����յ�����§���Ѿ�������ҡ
�ѹ������ҧ�ѹ�շѹ�
shatter
(v.) ᵡ�����´
The
window shattered when it was hit by a rock.
˹�ҵ�ҧᵡ�����´����Ͷ١�Ҵ����Թ
fuses
(n.) �����
�Ǵ�С��ǹ�����
What kind of fuse was used in switch board?
����쪹Դ㴷�����ἧ��Ե��俿��
impact
(n.) �š�з�
The
impact of falling sales causes loss for the company.
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blow
up (v.) ���Դ�����
The
construction workers blow up the building.
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dynamite
(n.) 䴹�����
Dynamite
is a type of high explosive.
䴹��������ѵ�����Դ�ç�٧
composite (adj.) ��� ��Сͺ��������� ��ǹ
This
is a composite experiment. Many scientists from different fields work on
it.
����͡�÷��ͧ����Сͺ�ѹ��� �ѡ�Է����ʵ��ҡ�����Ңҷӧҹ�����ѹ
composition
(n.) ��ǹ��Сͺ
Water
is a composition of hydrogen and oxygen.
�������ǹ��Сͺ�������ਹ����͡��ਹ
compound
(n.) ��û�Сͺ
Carbon
dioxide is a compound of carbon and two oxygen atoms.
����͹��͡䫴�����û�Сͺ�����ҧ����͹�Ѻ�͡��ਹ � �е��
corrode
(v.) �Ѵ���͹
Sea
water can corrode metal quickly.
��ӷ�������ö�Ѵ���͹���������ҧ�Ǵ����
corrosion
(n.) ��áѴ���͹
Coating
the surface of tiles will delay corrosion.
������ͺ��鹡�����ͧ�Ъ��·�����áѴ���͹���ŧ
be
to (v.) ��ͧ
All
new students are to attend the orientation.
�ѡ���¹�ء����ͧ���������û������
in
accordance with
��仵��
The
armed forces must operate in accordance with Ministry of Defense policy.
�ͧ�Ѿ��ͧ��ԺѵԵ����º�¢ͧ��з�ǧ������
deviate
(v.) ��Ҵ����͹ ����¹�ŧ
Arthur
deviated from the architect�s design a little.
��������������¹�ŧẺ�ͧʶһ�ԡ��硹���
absolute
(adj.) �索Ҵ ����ó�
Mark
has absolute power to control the class.
�������ӹҨ�索Ҵ㹡�äǺ���������¹
retain
(v.) ���ѡ��
Please
retain the sales slip if you need to get a refund.
�ô���ѡ���������� ��Ҥس��ͧ������Ѻ�Թ�׹
turn
over (v.) ��ع���¹ ����¹�ŧ
I�ll
turn over my responsibility to anyone the teacher assigns.
�ѹ����ع���¹�����Ѻ�Դ�ͺ����á���������ͺ����
set
off (v.) �ҧ���Դ
The
soldiers try to set off the explosion in their enemies� camp.
���þ������ҧ���Դ㹤��¢ͧ�ѵ��
interval
(n.) ��ǧ�����ҧ
The
athletes� progress is checked at three week intervals.
�ա���Ѵ��������˹�Ңͧ�ѡ���ҷء� � �ѻ����
wind
up (v.) ����ش
�����
Jason
started his career as a salesman and wound up as the owner of the
company.
��ѹ������Ҫվ���¡���繾�ѡ�ҹ���
�ش�����Ҩ�ŧ���¡������Ңͧ����ѷ
Exercise
�����㹪�ͧ��ҧ������Ѿ������ҹ��
explosive impact in
case of corrosion
fuse classify shatter absolute
wind up be
to retain
detonate
turn over set
off interval in
accordance with
1. Nadia
_______________ her position to her subordinate.
2. TNT
is a dangerous ________________.
3. The
____________ of the earthquake destroys many houses.
4. A
firecracker with a short __________ is very dangerous to light.
5. How
was the information ____________________?
6. __________________emergency,
call 911.
7. The
explosion _________________ the windows.
8. __________________
on the car is the result of its exposure to the sea water.
9. Smoking
is not allowed here because it might ______________ an explosion.
10. The
tornado warning on radio is repeated at 15 minute _______________.
11. You
had better confess what you have done or you will _____________ in jail.
12. I have a/an ________________ proof that
Alex stole your money.
13. What
kind of device is used to _________________ the explosive?
14. __________________________the
regulations, all the vehicles must be examined at the front gate.
15. Peter
______________ his interest in insects and continues to experiment with them.
Answer key
1. Nadia
turned over her position to her subordinate.
2. TNT
is a dangerous explosive.
3. The
impact of the earthquake destroys many houses.
4. A
firecracker with a short fuse is very dangerous to light.
5. How
was the information classified?
6. In
case of emergency, call 911.
7. The
explosion shattered the windows.
8. Corrosion
on the car is the result of its exposure to the sea water.
9. Smoking
is not allowed here because it might set off an explosion.
10. The
tornado warning on radio is repeated at 15 minute intervals.
11. You
had better confess what you have done or you will wind up in jail.
12. I have an absolute proof that Alex
stole your money.
13. What
kind of device is used to detonate the explosive?
14. In
accordance with the regulations, all the vehicles must be examined at the front
gate.
15. Peter
retains his interest in insects and continues to experiment with them.
Grammar
Using BE to
Be to ����� �be required to�, �be supposed to�, �be scheduled to� ���ʴ��������� ��úѧ�Ѻ ���ͺ觪���͹Ҥ�
������ҧ She was supposed
to show up at the party.
She
was to show up at the party.
The train is scheduled to leave before
8:00.
The train is to leave before
8:00.
Exercise
�ӻ���¤���仹���������ó�����
be + to
1.
All the military personnel / wear uniforms.
____________________________________________________
2.
Susan see / dentist / next week.
____________________________________________________
3.
Classes / start / on Monday.
____________________________________________________
4.
test
results / announced / today?
____________________________________________________
5.
restaurant / serve / dinner /
1800.
____________________________________________________
6.
I / meet / CAPT Kentucky / 1000.
_____________________________________________________
7.
parcel /
arrive / tomorrow morning.
_____________________________________________________
8.
basic
trainees / report / LT Green.
_____________________________________________________
9.
Jennifer / be named / Chairman of the meeting / next week.
_____________________________________________________
10.
CDR Peterson / visit / Germany / in the winter.
_____________________________________________________
Answer
key
1. All the military personnel are
to wear uniforms.
2.
Susan is to see the dentist next week.
3.
Classes are to start on Monday.
4.
Are the test results to be announced today?
5.
The restaurant is to serve dinner at 1800.
6.
I am to meet CAPT Kentucky at 1000.
7.
The parcel is to arrive tomorrow morning.
8.
The basic trainees are to report to LT Green.
9.
Jennifer is to be named Chairman of the meeting next week.
10. CDR
Peterson is to visit Germany in the winter.
Embedded questions
(����¤�Ӷ����͹)
1.
��駤Ӷ�� yes
/ no ��� question-word ����ö������㹻���¤�����
�¨С�����͹ػ���¤����˹�ҷ���繤ӹ�� (noun clause)
��з�˹�ҷ���� embedded question
2.
͹ػ���¤����˹�ҷ���繤ӹ��
������鹵鹴��� question-word �� embedded question-word question
������ҧ How much does the ticket
cost? (question-word question)
I don�t know how much the
ticket costs? (embedded clause)
3.
͹ػ���¤����˹�ҷ���繤ӹ��
������鹵鹴��� if ���� whether �� embedded
yes / no question
������ҧ Is Betty flying to
London? (yes / no question)
Do you know if / whether
Betty is flying to London? (embedded clause)
4.
����ͤӶ���١���ҫ�͹ ������§�Ө�����¹�
������ҧ How did Mark go to
Paris?
(question
word � auxiliary verb � subject - main verb)
I don�t know how Mark went to
Paris.
(question
word � subject - main verb)
Has she eaten?
(auxiliary
verb � subject � main verb)
Do you know if she has eaten?
(conjunction �subject- auxiliary verb �main verb)
5.
͹ػ���¤����˹�ҷ���繤ӹ��
����ö���繻�иҹ���͡�����
a. ͹ػ���¤����˹�ҷ���繤ӹ��㹵��˹觻�иҹ
������ҧ What she said is still
a secret.
How he went to China is not
yet known.
b. ͹ػ���¤����˹�ҷ���繤ӹ��㹵��˹觡��� �е����ѧ���
�ӷ��մ�����㹻���¤���仹��
������ҧ I don�t know
how much it costs.
I don�t understand what she
said.
I wonder why they leave
school.
Do you know which bus goes
to downtown?
Ask him / her where we can
find the finest restaurant here.
Can you tell me what time
it is?
Exercise
����շ���˹����
�� I
don�t know I wonder I�m
not sure I
have no idea 㹻���¤���仹��
1.
What is Julia�s telephone number?
___________________________________________________________________
2. Who
is that man?
___________________________________________________________________
3. Why
did Jason quit his job?
___________________________________________________________________
4. Should
I buy a new house?
__________________________________________________________________
5. What
did she say?
__________________________________________________________________
6. Does
Adam have to take a test?
__________________________________________________________________
7. Whose
bag is that?
__________________________________________________________________
8. How
long will Thomas stay in Hong Kong?
__________________________________________________________________
1. Where
did Sarah and Jenny go shopping?
___________________________________________________________________
2. Is
there a supermarket around here?
___________________________________________________________________
Answer key
1.
I don�t know
what Julia�s telephone number is.
2.
I wonder
who that man is.
3.
I don�t know
why Jason quit his job.
4.
I wonder
if / whether I should buy a new house.
5.
I�m not sure
what she said.
6.
I have no idea
if / whether Adam has to take a test.
7.
I don�t know
whose bag it is.
8.
I have no idea
how long Thomas will stay in Hong Kong.
9.
I�m not sure
where Sarah and Jenny went shopping.
10. I
wonder if / whether there is a supermarket around here.
-ever words
-ever ������������� �����
������ҧ whoever
Anyone who volunteers for this charity will get a certificate.
Whoever
volunteers for this charity will get a certificate.
whomever You can give
this book to anyone you like.
You
can give this book to whomever you like.
whatever Anything you
do will benefit everyone.
Whatever
you do will benefit everyone.
whenever We can
leave any time we are ready.
We
can leave whenever we are ready.
whichever Sally buys
anything she wants.
Sally buys whichever she wants.
however Peter
drives any way he pleases.
Peter
drives however he pleases.
wherever You can sit
any place you want.
You
can sit wherever you want.
Exercise
�ӻ���¤����ҹ���������ó��¡����� -ever
1.
You may give this reward to anyone the class votes for.
________________________________________________________________________
2.
I will give you anything you ask for.
________________________________________________________________________
3.
Susan can go any place she wishes.
________________________________________________________________________
4.
You can decorate this room any way you want.
________________________________________________________________________
5.
Jan said we could start the party any time we were ready.
_________________________________________________________________________
6.
Anyone
that has a mobile phone can call.
_________________________________________________________________________
7.
These seats are available. You can sit any place you please.
_________________________________________________________________________
8.
Mary can buy any dress she wants as long as she has.
_________________________________________________________________________
Answer
key
1.
You may give this reward to whoever
the class votes for.
2.
I will give you whatever you ask for.
3.
Susan can go wherever she wishes.
4.
You can decorate this room however you want.
5.
Jan said we could start the party whenever we were ready.
6.
Whoever
that has a mobile phone can call.
7.
These seats are available. You can sit wherever you please.
8.
Mary can buy whatever she wants as long as she has.
Obligations
(��������)
Obligation
���¶֧˹�ҷ�� �����Ѻ�Դ�ͺ���ͤ������� ���͡�� � ������
��� �������繷��������ҧ������ͧ ��Ф������繷����仵����������Т�������������ླ�
����Ҩ������Ҵѧ��������ʴ������繤�������
be to
need to
have got to
must
promise (to)
be required to
should
have to
be supposed to |
�ӹǹ���仹���繡���ʴ���������
He has an obligation to�������.
I told him I�d ����������������� She said that she�d ���������..
We�re committed to ������������.. I�m under an obligation to�����..
He has a commitment to ���������.. They�re responsible for �������
It�s my responsibility to ����������� |
�ӹǹ���仹���繡���ʴ�����������
You don�t need to ������������
They haven�t made any promises. I�m under no obligation to ������..
I didn�t want to commit myself. No one expects you to ���������
That�s not your responsibility. I never told him that I�d �������...
That�s really not her job. |
������ҧ
You
must take off your shoes before entering the temple.
�س��ͧ�ʹ�ͧ��ҡ�͹����Ѵ
We�re
not required to attend the seminar.
�ǡ��������١�ѧ�Ѻ����������������
Am
I supposed to be in class by 08.00?
���١�Ҵ��ѧ��������ͧ���¹��͹Ỵ����������Ѻ
I
promised my sister I�d take her to the museum.
�ѹ�Ñ�ҡѺ��ͧ��Ǣͧ�ѹ��Ҩо���仾ԾԸ�ѳ��
It�s
a secretary�s responsibility to arrange the meeting for her boss.
�ѹ��˹�ҷ������Ѻ�Դ�ͺ�ͧ�Ţҹء�÷��е�ͧ�Ѵ��Ъ�������ҹ��
Students
have an obligation to pay much attention in class.
�ѡ���¹�ء�����繵�ͧ���㨡�����¹����ҡ�
Doctors
and nurses are committed to taking care of their patients.
�����о�Һ����˹�ҷ���ͧ���Ť���
The
grocery store must not sell alcoholic beverages and cigarettes to persons under
18.
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